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Fats Introduction Fat is a significant foodstuff for many forms of life. Fats serve structural as well as metabolic functions. The fats are molecules made up of glycerol and fatty acid. Fat is an organic compound of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen. Based on the number and bonding of the carbon atoms, fats and oils, are categorized in the aliphatic chain. fats and oil Functions of Fats Following are the major functions of Fats − Fat is a vital dietary requirement. The fat is usually the stored source of energy in the body that remained store beneath the skin. Fat acts a protective layer especially in the human body and provide protection. Some of the vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K are fat-soluble, which means they can only be absorbed, digested, and transported in conjunction with the fats. Fats actively help in maintaining the healthy skin and hair. Fats insulate body organs against external shock. Fats also maintain body temperature. Fats promote healthy cell...

 Proteins proteins Introduction Proteins, which are basically biomolecules, play wide range of functions in the body of a living organism. Proteins are made up of tiny elements of different types of amino acids. A sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is known particularly by the sequence of a gene; gene is encoded in the genetic code. After formation, proteins exist for a fixed period of time and are then degraded and recycled. The proteins get recycled by the cell's machinery by the process of protein turnover. Most of the proteins contain linear polymers made up of series of up to 20 different L-α-amino acids. The amino acids in a polypeptide chain are connected by peptide bonds (see the image given below). The peptide bond, usually, has two resonance forms, which contribute some double-bond characters. Protein Structure Most of the proteins illustrate unique 3-dimensional structures (see image given below). protein enzyme combining However, proteins have not a rigid stru...

Carbohydrate Introduction Consisting of oxygen (O), carbon (C), and hydrogen (H), carbohydrate is a biological molecule. Carbohydrate is one of the essential elements for the living organisms, as it plays various important roles. carbohydrates Carbohydrate is the main source of energy, as about two-third energy requirement of living beings is fulfilled by it. Glucose, sugar, and starch are the important examples of carbohydrate. Source of Carbohydrate Carbohydrates naturally are occurring in wide variety of foods, such as − Wheat Maize Rice Potatoes Sugarcane Fruits Table sugar Bread Milk Sugar that we eat in our everyday life is mainly sucrose (table sugar). Sucrose is added in many food items while preparing, e.g. jam, biscuits, cakes, energy drinks, etc. Further, many fruits naturally contain glucose and fructose. Glycogen is another type of carbohydrate that found in the liver and muscle. Cellulose found in the cell wall of plant cells is carbohydrate. Types of Carbohydrate The fol...